{"id":1156,"date":"2020-08-03T08:21:42","date_gmt":"2020-08-03T06:21:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/web.gtischarging.sk\/?page_id=1156"},"modified":"2020-08-03T08:29:03","modified_gmt":"2020-08-03T06:29:03","slug":"moskva","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/web.gtischarging.sk\/index.php\/moskva\/","title":{"rendered":"Moskva"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Elektrobusy Moskvy <\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Moskva a elektrick\u00fd transport \u2013 to by pred p\u00e1r rokmi znelo ako zl\u00fd vtip. Surov\u00e1 zima a hor\u00face leto na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead nie s\u00fa t\u00fdm najlep\u0161\u00edm prostred\u00edm pre dopravu na bat\u00e9ri\u00e1ch. Ale, \u2026  viac ako 6 tis\u00edc autobusov denne v tomto ve\u013ekomeste a \u010fal\u0161ie desa\u0165tis\u00edce n\u00e1kladn\u00fdch \u00e1ut vytv\u00e1ra dostato\u010dne ve\u013ek\u00fd tlak na kvalitu ovzdu\u0161ia, ktor\u00e9 obyvatelia musia d\u00fdcha\u0165. Na tento probl\u00e9m nenar\u00e1\u017ea len Moskva, ale prakticky ka\u017ed\u00e9 ve\u013ekomesto sveta. Tak\u017ee, od nie\u010doho za\u010da\u0165 treba!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Radnica Moskvy za\u010dala mas\u00edvne nakupova\u0165 elektrobusy u\u017e pred nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi rokmi. K\u00fdm prv\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky mali charakter sk\u00f4r experimentu, ako re\u00e1lneho rie\u0161enia, dnes sa park elektrobusov v Moskve dop\u013a\u0148a u\u017e cite\u013en\u00fdmi tempami. Tomuto trendu sa prisp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa aj v\u00fdrobcovia autobusov, ktor\u00ed za kr\u00e1tky \u010das pon\u00fakli zauj\u00edmav\u00fa \u0161k\u00e1lu modelov modern\u00fdch elektrobusov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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V samotnej Moskve prev\u00e1dzkuj\u00fa 25 liniek MHD elektrobusmi.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Uk\u00e1zalo sa, \u017ee Rusko je v ur\u010ditom predstihu pred zvy\u0161kom sveta: v\u00fdvoj a kapit\u00e1lov\u00e9 invest\u00edcie autobusov\u00fdch z\u00e1vodov sa za posledn\u00fdch p\u00e4\u0165 rokov zameriavaj\u00fa vo ve\u013ekej miere aj na v\u00fdvoj elektrick\u00fdch hnac\u00edch strojov s r\u00f4znymi zdrojmi energie. Ka\u017ed\u00fd z dom\u00e1cich v\u00fdrobcov ide svojou cestou k spotrebite\u013eovi. KAMAZ a GAZ Group si zvolili r\u00fdchle denn\u00e9 nab\u00edjanie bat\u00e9ri\u00ed priamo na nab\u00edjac\u00edch staniciach na trase. Zna\u010dka Volgabus sa spoliehala na dob\u00edjanie bat\u00e9ri\u00ed elektrobusov cez noc priamo vo vozovni. Bielorusk\u00fd \u201eBelkommunmash\u201c m\u00e1 svoje siln\u00e9 str\u00e1nky v nap\u00e1jan\u00ed motora zo superkondenz\u00e1tora. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 verzia m\u00e1 svoje klady a z\u00e1pory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ultra r\u00fdchla nab\u00edjacia stanica dopl\u0148uje energiu v akumul\u00e1toroch za 10\u201320 min\u00fat.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

S denn\u00fdm aj no\u010dn\u00fdm nab\u00edjan\u00edm<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Rusko nie je medzi ved\u00facimi \u0161t\u00e1tmi sveta pri zav\u00e1dzan\u00ed elektrick\u00fdch autobusov, ale tie\u017e nie je na posledn\u00fdch miestach. Ani COVID-19 nezasiahol do nasadzovania ekologick\u00fdch autobusov na tras\u00e1ch. Iba za posledn\u00fd mesiac vst\u00fapili prv\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 autobusy na trasy v meste Samara, Nabere\u017enye \u010celny a in\u00fdch. Ak ale berieme do \u00favahy Moskvu ako hlavn\u00e9 mesto, potom mno\u017estvo elektrick\u00fdch autobusov je najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie spomedzi v\u0161etk\u00fdch eur\u00f3pskych hlavn\u00fdch miest. V prvom \u0161tvr\u0165roku 2020 malo mesto flotilu 364 elektrobusov KAMAZ-6282 a LiAZ-6274. Po\u010det elektrobusov na\u010falej rastie a  do decembra 2020 ich bude k dispoz\u00edcii najmenej 600<\/strong>. Ak\u00fd je teda vozov\u00fd park elektrobusov v Moskve?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KAMAZ-6282<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 NEFAZ z\u00edskala najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu objedn\u00e1vku v hist\u00f3rii  rusk\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch autobusov: a\u017e do jesene 2020 bude dc\u00e9ra automobilov\u00e9ho gigantu dod\u00e1va\u0165 hlavn\u00e9mu mestu 200 objednan\u00fdch vozidiel KAMAZ-6282<\/a> s 15-ro\u010dn\u00fdm \u017eivotn\u00fdm cyklom \u00fadr\u017eby. V\u00fdrobca pou\u017e\u00edva denn\u00e9 linkov\u00e9 nab\u00edjanie pre l\u00edtium-titanov\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie. Okrem spo\u013eahliv\u00e9ho a bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho L\u00edtium-tit\u00e1nov\u00e9ho zdroja energie m\u00e1 elektrobus in\u0161talovan\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 port\u00e1lov\u00e9 mosty ZF AVE130 s dvoma asynchr\u00f3nnymi elektromotormi (2\u00d7125 kW), ktor\u00e9 v\u00fdznamne ovplyvnili jazdn\u00fd v\u00fdkon stroja. V\u00fdsledkom je  r\u00fdchly a dynamick\u00fd 12 metrov dlh\u00fd n\u00edzkopodla\u017en\u00fd elektrick\u00fd autobus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

R\u00fdchlos\u0165 60 km \/ h KAMAZ-6282 dosiahne za menej ako 30 sek\u00fand. 19 tonov\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9  vozidlo sa m\u00f4\u017ee rozbehn\u00fa\u0165 do 75 km \/ h, \u010do na mestsk\u00fd re\u017eim prev\u00e1dzky bohate sta\u010d\u00ed. Dojazd na jedno nabitie je 70 km, \u010do je dos\u0165 na ka\u017ed\u00fa mestsk\u00fa linku. Na kone\u010dnej zast\u00e1vke sa 85  miestny elektrobus dobije pod nap\u00e1ja\u010dmi ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlej nab\u00edjacej stanice, pri\u010dom energiu preber\u00e1 pantografick\u00fd zbera\u010d. Na to potrebuje 10 a\u017e 20 min\u00fat, \u010do je celkom be\u017en\u00fd \u010das prest\u00e1vky mestsk\u00fdch autobusov na kone\u010dnej. KAMAZ dodal do Moskvy u\u017e predt\u00fdm 250 elektrobusov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

LiAZ \u2013 6274<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Potenci\u00e1l pre dod\u00e1vku elektrick\u00fdch autobusov LiAZ-6274<\/a> je polovi\u010dn\u00fd \u2013 Moskva si objednala 100 vozidiel od skupiny GAZ. V podmienkach akviz\u00edcie sa stanovuje rovnak\u00e1 15-ro\u010dn\u00e1 zmluva o servise pln\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00e9ho cyklu elektrobusov. Model poh\u00e1\u0148aj\u00fa  trak\u010dn\u00e9 l\u00edtium-titanov\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie s ultrar\u00fdchlym nab\u00edjan\u00edm, u ktor\u00fdch sa predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee maj\u00fa \u017eivotnos\u0165 7 rokov a 15 000 nab\u00edjac\u00edch cyklov. \u010c\u00ednsky v\u00fdrobca bat\u00e9ri\u00ed Microwast ale s\u013eubuje tak\u00e9 obdobie \u017eivotnosti len na z\u00e1klade v\u00fdpo\u010dtov. Existuje tu ur\u010dit\u00fd stupe\u0148 rizika, preto\u017ee ani v Rusku, ani v Eur\u00f3pe neexistuj\u00fa elektrick\u00e9 autobusy s takouto konfigur\u00e1ciou bat\u00e9rie, v  ktor\u00fdch by bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 sledova\u0165 pokles kapacity, ak aj nie za sedem, potom aspo\u0148 za  \u0161tyri roky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
\u0160t\u00fdlov\u00fd LiAZ 6274 dostal \u010d\u00ednske vysokonap\u00e4\u0165ov\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie Microwast<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Volgabus CR12E<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spolo\u010dnosti skupiny Bakulin Motors Group (BMG) sa vydali svojou cestou a opustili re\u017eim denn\u00e9ho nab\u00edjania bat\u00e9ri\u00ed priamo na trase. L\u00e1kadlom  novej gener\u00e1cie elektrick\u00e9ho autobusu CR12E<\/a> je jeho 300-kilometrov\u00fd  dojazd a nab\u00edjanie l\u00edtium-\u017eelezo-fosf\u00e1tovej bat\u00e9rie v stacion\u00e1rnych podmienkach v noci.  Uveden\u00fd dojazd z rezervou pokr\u00fdva obvykl\u00fd denn\u00fd n\u00e1jazd mestsk\u00fdch autobusov. Uk\u00e1zalo sa, \u017ee t\u00e1to sch\u00e9ma je v\u00fdhodnej\u0161ia pre mnoh\u00fdch dopravcov, najm\u00e4 pre eur\u00f3pskych.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Volgabus CR12E z dojazdom  300 km je ur\u010den\u00fd na no\u010dn\u00e9 nab\u00edjanie na parkovisk\u00e1ch.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Po prv\u00e9, v Rusku a Eur\u00f3pe  v noci  ponuka elektrickej energie v\u00fdrazne prevy\u0161uje dopyt a ke\u010f sa elektrina pred\u00e1va v takomto \u010dase, uplat\u0148uje sa preferen\u010dn\u00e1 tarifa. Po druh\u00e9, v mest\u00e1ch E\u00da s\u00fa na pozemky  vysok\u00e9 ceny, je ve\u013emi n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 zaobstara\u0165 na nab\u00edjaciu stanicu aj mal\u00fd pozemok. A ke\u010f\u017ee spolo\u010dnos\u0165 BMG je okrem dom\u00e1ceho predaja svojich elektrick\u00fdch autobusov orientovan\u00e1 aj na v\u00fdvozn\u00fd trh, jej snaha je celkom pochopite\u013en\u00e1. Zna\u010dka Volgabus m\u00e1 navy\u0161e medzi rusk\u00fdmi v\u00fdrobcami najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed potenci\u00e1l na uplatnenie svojich autobusov na  zahrani\u010dn\u00fdch trhoch .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bielorusko hr\u00e1 svoje s\u00f3lo<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zameranie na v\u00fdvozn\u00fd trh m\u00e1 historicky Bielorusko. V  schopnosti propagova\u0165 svoje n\u00e1kladn\u00e9, osobn\u00e9 a traktorov\u00e9 produkty v zahrani\u010d\u00ed nie s\u00fa o ve\u013ea hor\u0161\u00ed, ako \u010d\u00ed\u0148ania. A robia to ve\u013emi \u00faspe\u0161ne. Napr\u00edklad spolo\u010dnos\u0165 BKM Holding (Belkommunmash, BKM) na jese\u0148 2019 podp\u00edsala dohodu s CAD CAM Automotive na otvoren\u00ed spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho mont\u00e1\u017eneho z\u00e1vodu pre elektrick\u00e9 autobusy vo Ve\u013ekej Brit\u00e1nii. Ak sa situ\u00e1cia na britskom trhu po karant\u00e9nnych opatreniach stabilizuje, m\u00f4\u017ee objem mont\u00e1\u017e\u00ed bielorusk\u00fdch autobusov v Anglicku dosiahnu\u0165 300 kusov ro\u010dne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BKM<\/strong>  E321<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Takmer na nerozoznanie od be\u017en\u00fdch osobn\u00fdch autobusov je elektrick\u00fd autobus Belkommunmash E321<\/a> s kondenz\u00e1torom. Elektrick\u00fd autobus je produkt inovat\u00edvneho v\u00fdvoja spolo\u010dnosti BKM Holding v oblasti elektrickej dopravy. V karos\u00e9rii s klasick\u00fdm usporiadan\u00edm, je pre pohon trak\u010dn\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed  zabudovan\u00fd akumula\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m zalo\u017een\u00fd na superkondenz\u00e1toroch<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd poskytuje dojazd 20 km na jedno nabitie s minim\u00e1lnym dopadom na kapacitu cestuj\u00facich. Elektrick\u00fd autobus sa nab\u00edja na kone\u010dn\u00fdch zast\u00e1vkach trasy, alebo parkovisk\u00e1ch z ultrar\u00fdchlych nab\u00edjac\u00edch stan\u00edc pomocou zbera\u010da namontovan\u00e9ho na streche.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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BKM E 321<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

BKM E490<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti spolo\u010dnos\u0165 BKM dokon\u010duje objedn\u00e1vku spolo\u010dnosti z Batumi, kde realizuje sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00fa s\u00e9riu \u00f4smich mal\u00fdch n\u00edzkopodla\u017en\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch autobusov E490<\/a>. Objedn\u00e1vka je pre  spolo\u010dnos\u0165 v\u00fdznamn\u00e1, nako\u013eko je to prv\u00e1 exportn\u00e1 dod\u00e1vka uveden\u00e9ho modelu. V\u00fdnimo\u010dnos\u0165 stroja spo\u010d\u00edva v tom, \u017ee nepou\u017e\u00edva  ako zdroj energie  bat\u00e9riu, ale kondenz\u00e1tor<\/strong>. Kapacita superkondenz\u00e1tora nemus\u00ed by\u0165 pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ek\u00e1, preto\u017ee ide o prepravu na kr\u00e1tku vzdialenos\u0165 v pr\u00edmorskom letovisku. Tieto prevedenia elektrobusov ale vyhovuj\u00fa pr\u00e1ve na prev\u00e1dzku v mal\u00fdch mest\u00e1ch a historick\u00fdch centr\u00e1ch ve\u013ek\u00fdch miest, \u010di v k\u00fape\u013en\u00fdch meste\u010dk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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BKM E 490<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

V priemere na jedno nabitie superkondenz\u00e1torov dok\u00e1\u017ee E490 prejs\u0165 20 km v mestskom cykle, \u010do je dos\u0165 pre mal\u00e9 letovisko Batumi. Stredne-kapacitn\u00fd elektrick\u00fd  autobus s povinnou klimatiz\u00e1ciou a syst\u00e9mom video sledovania, ktor\u00e9 boli v technick\u00fdch podmienkach objedn\u00e1vky predp\u00edsan\u00e9 kancel\u00e1riou starostu subtropick\u00e9ho mesta,  na kone\u010dnej zast\u00e1vke dobije svoje superkondenz\u00e1tory  za 8 min\u00fat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Treba poveda\u0165, \u017ee kondenz\u00e1torov\u00e9 verzie z\u00e1sobn\u00edkov elektrickej energie s\u00fa v autobusoch zriedkav\u00e9. Nie s\u00fa konkurentmi akumul\u00e1torov\u00fdch autobusov, m\u00f4\u017eu ich dop\u013a\u0148a\u0165 iba v megapolisoch na kr\u00e1tkych tras\u00e1ch alebo v mal\u00fdch mest\u00e1ch do 150 \u2013 200 tis. obyvate\u013eov. Toto cestou sa vydala aj \u010d\u00ednska spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Higer, ktor\u00e1 dod\u00e1va stroje tohto dizajnu do kraj\u00edn E\u00da.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MAZ -303E10<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Automobilov\u00fd z\u00e1vod v Minsku sa tie\u017e zapojil do s\u00fa\u0165a\u017ee na autobusy s elektrick\u00fdm pohonom. V m\u00e1ji predstavil prv\u00fd n\u00edzkopodla\u017en\u00fd elektrick\u00fd autobus MAZ-303E10<\/a> s rovnak\u00fdm dojazdom 300 km na jedno nabitie a 4-hodinov\u00fdm dob\u00edjan\u00edm kapacity bat\u00e9rii, ako produkt Volgabusu. Je ale pravda, \u017ee v konfigur\u00e1cii pohonu je rozdiel. Ak v\u0161etky vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 elektrobusy pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa elektroport\u00e1lov\u00fd most ZF AVE, bielorusk\u00fd v\u00fdrobca pou\u017eil centr\u00e1lny elektrick\u00fd pohon ZF CeTrax, ktor\u00fd z\u00edskal cenu za inov\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
MAZ-303E10<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

V tejto s\u00fa\u0165a\u017ei Bielorusi porazili v\u0161etk\u00fdch. Faktom je, \u017ee centr\u00e1lny pohon ZF pre elektrick\u00e9 autobusy p\u00f4jde do s\u00e9riovej v\u00fdroby a\u017e v tre\u0165om \u0161tvr\u0165roku 2020: CeTrax sa bude vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 vo Friedrichshafene. Napr\u00edklad k\u00fdm po\u013esk\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Solaris m\u00e1  iba v \u00famysle pou\u017ei\u0165 t\u00fato jednotku pre  svoje bat\u00e9riov\u00e9 autobusy, spolo\u010dnos\u0165 MAZ u\u017e vykon\u00e1va testy v re\u00e1lnych podmienkach. Z\u00e1ujem o ZF CeTrax je pochopite\u013en\u00fd: elektrick\u00fd pohon tejto kon\u0161trukcie je ide\u00e1lny na prerobenie klasick\u00fdch autobusov  na elektrick\u00fd pohon. Minsk vst\u00fapil u\u017e do akt\u00edvnej f\u00e1zy testovania novinky. MAZ 303E10 bude uveden\u00fd na trh  v m\u00e1ji 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A \u010do u n\u00e1s\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Slovensko nie je Rusko, ani po\u010dtom obyvate\u013eov, ani technologick\u00fdmi mo\u017enos\u0165ami. Elektrobusy si pomaly nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa svoje miesto aj na na\u0161ich cest\u00e1ch. A navy\u0161e m\u00e1me tu Troligabus<\/a> pod na\u0161imi Tatrami a jeho vydaren\u00fd model elektrobusu Leonis Electric<\/strong>. Ako dobre by bolo, vidie\u0165 tak na na\u0161ich uliciach tento tich\u00fd a nedymiaci autobus \u2013 n\u00e1\u0161, slovensk\u00fd!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Elektrobusy Moskvy Moskva a elektrick\u00fd transport \u2013 to by pred p\u00e1r rokmi znelo ako zl\u00fd vtip. Surov\u00e1 zima a hor\u00face leto na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead nie s\u00fa t\u00fdm najlep\u0161\u00edm prostred\u00edm pre dopravu na bat\u00e9ri\u00e1ch. Ale, \u2026  viac...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"yoast_head":"\nMoskva - gtischarging.sk<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/web.gtischarging.sk\/index.php\/moskva\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Moskva - gtischarging.sk\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Elektrobusy Moskvy Moskva a elektrick\u00fd transport \u2013 to by pred p\u00e1r rokmi znelo ako zl\u00fd vtip. Surov\u00e1 zima a hor\u00face leto na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead nie s\u00fa t\u00fdm najlep\u0161\u00edm prostred\u00edm pre dopravu na bat\u00e9ri\u00e1ch. 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